{"id":4630,"date":"2021-03-16T16:57:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-16T23:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/healthykidshappykids.com\/?p=4630"},"modified":"2021-03-16T17:28:07","modified_gmt":"2021-03-17T00:28:07","slug":"the-covid-a-to-z-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/2021\/03\/16\/the-covid-a-to-z-study\/","title":{"rendered":"The COVID A-to-Z Study: Let&#8217;s take a closer look"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/healthykidshappykids.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/BLOG_-COVID-A-to-Z-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/BLOG_-COVID-A-to-Z-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/BLOG_-COVID-A-to-Z-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/BLOG_-COVID-A-to-Z-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/BLOG_-COVID-A-to-Z.png 1120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As many of you know, I am a huge fan of Vitamin C and Zinc for immune support during the pandemic. I teach about these supplements and more in my online course,<a href=\"https:\/\/healthykidshappykids.com\/pandemic-strategies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Integrative and Functional Medicine Strategies for the Pandemic<\/a>, and I have helped 100s of families successfully manage COVID-19 quickly and effectively without longhaul complications.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, when the <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2776305\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">COVID A to Z study<\/a> was recently published concluding that high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) are NOT effective at reducing the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, many of you asked how to make sense of these new findings. Upon careful analysis, I found that the conclusions are significantly flawed. Let&#8217;s take a closer look.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The COVID A to Z Study enrolled 214 participants from April through October 2020, with an unmet goal of 520 participants. The participants were split into 4 different treatment groups. Treatment was started after receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test and continued for 10 days. The treatment arms were as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Zinc gluconate 50mg at bedtime<\/li><li>Ascorbic acid 8000mg divided 2-3 times per day with meals<\/li><li>Zinc gluconate 50mg + ascorbic acid 8000mg<\/li><li>\u201cUsual care\u201d without supplementation. (\u201cUsual care\u201d was not defined.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These 2 supplements, zinc and ascorbic acid, were chosen because of their theoretical benefits for COVID-19 infection. As I\u2019ve outlined in my article, <a href=\"https:\/\/healthykidshappykids.com\/2020\/04\/04\/pediatricians-pandemic-immune-support-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A Pediatrician\u2019s Pandemic Immune Support Plan<\/a>, zinc increases our white blood cell\u2019s ability to fight infections and may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 from replicating. Vitamin C is one of our most important antioxidants, protects our lungs from pneumonia and may reduce the risk of sepsis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because of slower than expected enrollment, an interim analysis was performed in October with only 214 participants. The primary endpoint evaluated was days to 50% reduction in COVID-19 symptoms. The findings were:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Usual care without supplementation: 6.7 days<\/li><li>Ascorbic acid group: 5.5 days<\/li><li>Zinc gluconate group: 5.9 days<\/li><li>Ascorbic acid + Zinc gluconate group: 5.5 days<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The study was stopped early \u201cfor futility\u201d as these numbers were not considered statistically significant.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The conclusion was made that high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid are not effective for COVID-19.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/healthykidshappykids.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/COVID-A-to-Z-graphic-1024x579.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/COVID-A-to-Z-graphic-1024x579.png 1024w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/COVID-A-to-Z-graphic-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/COVID-A-to-Z-graphic-768x434.png 768w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/COVID-A-to-Z-graphic-1536x868.png 1536w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/COVID-A-to-Z-graphic-2048x1158.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>But, not so fast there.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a closer look at the study. Below are the several flaws I noted on closer inspection. (There may be more).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 1: The definition of success<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The supplement groups had a reduction in number of days to 50% symptoms compared to the usual care group by 0.8 &#8211; 1.2 days. The researchers did not consider this reduction in symptom days a \u201csuccess\u201d It\u2019s not clear to me why a reduction in symptoms by 1 day is considered a failure when when Tamiflu is touted a \u201csuccess\u201d in trials because it reduces influenza symptoms by a whopping 25 hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 2: The amount of zinc administered was NOT actually \u201chigh-dose\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Participants received 50mg of zinc gluconate daily. This in no way would be considered a \u201chigh-dose\u201d by most conventional and integrative practitioners. Zinc gluconate contains approximately 14.3% of elemental zinc which means that 50mg of zinc gluconate contains about 7mg of elemental zinc. The Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) for most kids and adults is OVER 7mg daily (see chart below). The high dose needed to treat COVID-19 would therefore be expected to be much higher than the 50mg of zinc gluconate that was used in the study.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/healthykidshappykids.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zinc-RDI-1024x791.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4632\" width=\"768\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zinc-RDI-1024x791.png 1024w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zinc-RDI-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zinc-RDI-768x593.png 768w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zinc-RDI-1536x1187.png 1536w, https:\/\/vps37072.inmotionhosting.com\/~healt472\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zinc-RDI-2048x1582.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 3: A zinc ionophore was not given with zinc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This study does not supplement zinc with an ionophore like quercetin. A zinc ionophore, like quercetin, is important to help zinc enter cells where it can do its job of inhibiting viral replication. The authors even comment \u201cthe biologic activity of zinc against viruses may require ionophores, such as pyrithione, to block viral replication.\u201d To conclude that zinc does not work against SAS-CoV-2, without simultaneously giving it with a zinc ionophore, is faulty study design at best.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 4: Not blinded or placebo-controlled<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The gold standard study is a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial. In this study, participants and investigators knew which treatment arm each participant was in. Expectations of how effective supplements would be may have skewed participant\u2019s reporting of their symptoms.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 5: Supplements were taken for 10 days after a positive PCR test result &#8211; NOT at the start of symptoms<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When using natural therapeutics for any condition, treatment is generally much more effective when started at the very onset of symptoms. There was no standardization of when in the course of illness participants began their 10 days of supplementation. As anyone who has had a PCR test knows, once you get the test, it can take days to get results, and if you don\u2019t go in for a test until you\u2019ve had symptoms for a few days, that could be a good week or more into your illness. The more the disease progresses, the higher the infectious and inflammatory burden, and the less likely any treatment intervention is to make a significant difference.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 6:&nbsp; Supplement brands were not disclosed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The quality of supplements can vary widely depending on the manufacturer. The study should have disclosed which supplement brands were used for zinc and ascorbic acid, and an independent assay should have been performed to ensure that the supplements given to participants contained the exact amount of each nutrient desired.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 7: The study does not have statistical \u201cpower\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The study required 520 participants in order for the results to have \u201cpower,\u201d or enough statistical sensitivity to detect a difference in the treatment arms. With any fewer than 520, the power is not great enough to make valid conclusions from the results. Due to slow enrollment, the study only included 214 subjects. Instead of concluding that zinc and ascorbic acid are not effective, the researchers should have stated that NO definitive conclusions can be made. Period.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 8: Conflict of interest<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the authors of the study, Dr. Carla McWilliams, receives consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, the maker of none other than Veklury (aka remdesivir) which was approved by the FDA in October 2020 for treatment of COVID-19. This seems like a fairly HUGE conflict of interest. What incentive would this researcher have to find 2 very inexpensive and easily accessible supplements actually effective against COVID-19 when a much more expensive and exclusive treatment is available from a drug company that pays her? I hate to be cynical, but\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 9: The study was not designed by integrative and functional medicine experts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>None of the researchers is an integrative or functional medicine expert. The study design should have been developed with the assistance of functional medicine physicians who have experience in managing patients with COVID-19 and can best determine potential supplement dosages and combinations to be studied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Flaw 10: Good effort, but possibly more harm than good \u2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I applaud the efforts of the researchers in investigating the role of natural treatments and supplements in combating the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These studies are long overdue and SO needed when 100s of thousands of people around the world continue to experience significant morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 and need access to effective and affordable treatments NOW. Unfortunately, this study, by inaccurately portraying its results, and the media now running to share these mistruths, may do more harm than good by removing zinc and vitamin C from the list of those potentially effective, affordable and accessible treatments.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knowledge is Power. And we need good knowledge &#8230; now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>xo Holistic mama doc &#8211; Elisa Song, MD<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As many of you know, I am a huge fan of Vitamin C and Zinc for immune support during the pandemic. 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So, when the COVID A to Z study was recently published concluding that high-dose zinc and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) are NOT effective at reducing the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, I had to take a closer look for myself. 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